Charlie Morris, ZL2CTM

Monday, 11 January 2021

80m, 40m, 30m, 20m EFHW Antenna Antenna Tuner

The antenna length is 41m and the counterpoise 7.5m.

Tunes 80m, 40m, 30m and 20m.

Friday, 13 November 2020

Go QRP Portable SSB Rig

IF Amplifiers (1st and 2nd)

VFO, BFO Frequencies and AF Amplifier

LPF after RF PA

Receive-Transmit Switching

Microphone Amplifier

RF PA

Arduino Code

#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>

#include <si5351.h>

static const long bandStart = 3500000; // start of VFO range

static const long bandEnd = 3900000; // end of VFO range

static const long bandInit = 3690000; // where to initially set the frequency

volatile long freq = 3690000; // the current freq

volatile long oldfreq = 0; // the previous freq

volatile long LSB_BFO_freq = 10748350; // High side injection thus SB inversion.

volatile long USB_BFO_freq = 10751750; // High side injection thus SB inversion.

volatile long radix = 1000; // How much to change the frequency by, clicking the Up Down switches

volatile long oldradix = 0; // the previous radix

volatile int mode = 0; // the current mode (0=LSB, 1=USB)

volatile int oldmode = 0; // the previous mode (0=LSB, 1=USB)

volatile int TX = 0; // 0=RX, 1=TX

volatile int oldTX = 1; // the old TX

unsigned int encoderA, encoderB, encoderC = 1; // rotary encoder variables

// Rotary encoder pins and other inputs

static const int rotAPin = 2;

static const int rotBPin = 3;

static const int radixPin = 4;

static const int modePin = 5;

static const int PTTPin = 6;

// Instantiate the Objects

LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x3F, 16, 2); // 3F the address of the LCD

Si5351 si5351;

void setup()

{

// Set up I/O pins

pinMode(rotAPin, INPUT);

digitalWrite(rotAPin, HIGH); // internal pull-up enabled

pinMode(rotBPin, INPUT);

digitalWrite(rotBPin, HIGH); // internal pull-up enabled

pinMode(radixPin, INPUT);

digitalWrite(radixPin, HIGH); // internal pull-up enabled

pinMode(modePin, INPUT);

digitalWrite(modePin, HIGH); // internal pull-up enabled

pinMode(PTTPin, INPUT);

digitalWrite(PTTPin, LOW); // internal pull-up disabled

// Initialize the display

lcd.begin();

lcd.backlight();

lcd.noCursor();

// Initialize the DDS

si5351.init(SI5351_CRYSTAL_LOAD_8PF, 0, 62100); // 62100 is the specific calibration factor for this Si5351 board

si5351.drive_strength(SI5351_CLK0, SI5351_DRIVE_8MA);

si5351.drive_strength(SI5351_CLK2, SI5351_DRIVE_8MA);

}

void loop()

{

CheckEncoder();

CheckRadixSwitch();

CheckModeSwitch();

CheckPTTPin();

}

void CheckEncoder()

{

byte encoderA = digitalRead(rotAPin);

byte encoderB = digitalRead(rotBPin);

if ((encoderA == HIGH) && (encoderC == LOW))

{

if (encoderB == HIGH)

// Decrease frequency

freq = constrain(freq - radix, bandStart, bandEnd);

else

// Increase frequency

freq = constrain(freq + radix, bandStart, bandEnd);

}

encoderC = encoderA;

if (freq != oldfreq)

{

UpdateDisplay();

SendFrequency();

oldfreq = freq;

}

void CheckRadixSwitch()

{

if (digitalRead(radixPin) == 0)

{

radix = radix / 10;

if (radix < 1)

radix = 1000;

delay(200);

}

if (radix != oldradix)

{

UpdateRadixDisplay();

oldradix = radix;

}

void CheckModeSwitch()

{

if (digitalRead(modePin) == 0)

mode = 0; // 0=LSB

if (digitalRead(modePin) == 1)

mode = 1; // 1=USB

if (mode != oldmode)

{

UpdateDisplay();

SendFrequency();

oldmode = mode;

}

void CheckPTTPin()

{

TX = digitalRead(PTTPin);

if (TX != oldTX)

{

UpdateDisplay();

SendFrequency();

oldTX = TX;

}

void UpdateDisplay()

{

// freq

lcd.setCursor(0, 0);

lcd.print(freq);

// mode

lcd.setCursor(0, 1);

if (mode == 0)

lcd.print("LSB");

else

lcd.print("USB");

lcd.setCursor(10, 1);

// PTT

lcd.setCursor(4, 1);

if (TX == 1)

lcd.print("TX");

if (TX == 0)

lcd.print("RX");

// callsign

lcd.setCursor(10, 1);

lcd.print("ZL2CTM");

}

void UpdateRadixDisplay()

{

// radix

if (radix == 1000)

{

lcd.setCursor(9, 0);

lcd.print(" ");

lcd.setCursor(9, 0);

lcd.print(radix);

lcd.setCursor(14, 0);

lcd.print("Hz");

}

if (radix == 100)

{

lcd.setCursor(9, 0);

lcd.print(" ");

lcd.setCursor(10, 0);

lcd.print(radix);

lcd.setCursor(14, 0);

lcd.print("Hz");

}

if (radix == 10)

{

lcd.setCursor(9, 0);

lcd.print(" ");

lcd.setCursor(11, 0);

lcd.print(radix);

lcd.setCursor(14, 0);

lcd.print("Hz");

}

if (radix == 1)

{

lcd.setCursor(9, 0);

lcd.print(" ");

lcd.setCursor(12, 0);

lcd.print(radix);

lcd.setCursor(14, 0);

lcd.print("Hz");

}

void SendFrequency()

{

if (mode == 0) // LSB

{

if (TX == 1) // Transmit

{

si5351.set_freq(((LSB_BFO_freq + freq) * 100ULL), SI5351_CLK2); // VFO

si5351.set_freq((LSB_BFO_freq * 100ULL), SI5351_CLK0); // BFO

}

else // Receive

{

si5351.set_freq(((LSB_BFO_freq + freq) * 100ULL), SI5351_CLK0); // VFO

si5351.set_freq((LSB_BFO_freq * 100ULL), SI5351_CLK2); // BFO

}

if (mode == 1) // USB

{

if (TX == 1) // Transmit

{

si5351.set_freq(((USB_BFO_freq + freq) * 100ULL), SI5351_CLK2); // VFO

si5351.set_freq((USB_BFO_freq * 100ULL), SI5351_CLK0); // BFO

}

else // Receive

{

si5351.set_freq(((USB_BFO_freq + freq) * 100ULL), SI5351_CLK0); // VFO

si5351.set_freq((USB_BFO_freq * 100ULL), SI5351_CLK2); // BFO

}

Thursday, 25 June 2020

Initial CAT Code. The radio emulates a Kenwood TS-480. (https://www.kenwood.com/i/products/info/amateur/ts_480/pdf/ts_480_pc.pdf)
Refer to the YouTube video for an explanation.

#include <Wire.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>

int debug = 0;

const int numChars = 14;
volatile long freq = 0;
boolean newCATcmd = false;

char CATcmd[numChars] = {'0'}; // an array to store the received CAT data
int freq10GHz = 0;
int freq1GHz = 0;
int freq100MHz = 0;
int freq10MHz = 1;
int freq1MHz = 4;
int freq100kHz = 1;
int freq10kHz = 2;
int freq1kHz = 3;
int freq100Hz = 4;
int freq10Hz = 5;
int freq1Hz = 6;
int RIT, XIT, MEM1, MEM2, RX, TX, VFO, SCAN, SIMPLEX, CTCSS, TONE1, TONE2 = 0;
int MODE = 2;

SoftwareSerial mySerial(31, 32); // RX, TX
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x3F, 16, 2);

void setup()
{
lcd.begin();
lcd.backlight();
CalcFreq();

Serial.begin(9600);

// Debug serial port
mySerial.begin(9600);
}

void loop()
{
rxCATcmd();
analyseCATcmd();
}

void rxCATcmd()
{
int index = 0;
char endMarker = ';';
char data; // CAT commands are ASCII characters

while ((Serial.available() > 0) && (newCATcmd == false))
{
data = Serial.read();

if (data != endMarker)
{
CATcmd[index] = data;
index++;

if (index >= numChars)
index = numChars - 1; // leave space for the \0 array termination
}
else
{
CATcmd[index] = ';'; // Indicate end of command
debug = index; // Needed later to print out the command
CATcmd[index + 1] = '\0'; // terminate the array
index = 0; // reset for next CAT command
newCATcmd = true;
}
}
}

void analyseCATcmd()
{
if (newCATcmd == true)
{
newCATcmd = false; // reset for next CAT time

// Debug printing
mySerial.println();
for (int x = 0; x <= debug; x++)
mySerial.print(CATcmd[x]);
mySerial.print("\t");

if ((CATcmd[0] == 'F') && (CATcmd[1] == 'A') && (CATcmd[2] == ';')) // must be freq get command
Command_GETFreqA();

else if ((CATcmd[0] == 'F') && (CATcmd[1] == 'A') && (CATcmd[13] == ';')) // must be freq set command
Command_SETFreqA();

else if ((CATcmd[0] == 'I') && (CATcmd[1] == 'F') && (CATcmd[2] == ';'))
Command_IF();

else if ((CATcmd[0] == 'I') && (CATcmd[1] == 'D') && (CATcmd[2] == ';'))
Command_ID();

else if ((CATcmd[0] == 'P') && (CATcmd[1] == 'S') && (CATcmd[2] == ';'))
Command_PS();

else if ((CATcmd[0] == 'P') && (CATcmd[1] == 'S') && (CATcmd[2] == '1'))
Command_PS1();

else if ((CATcmd[0] == 'A') && (CATcmd[1] == 'I') && (CATcmd[2] == ';'))
Command_AI();

else if ((CATcmd[0] == 'A') && (CATcmd[1] == 'I') && (CATcmd[2] == '0'))
Command_AI0();

else if ((CATcmd[0] == 'M') && (CATcmd[1] == 'D') && (CATcmd[2] == ';'))
Command_MD();

else if ((CATcmd[0] == 'R') && (CATcmd[1] == 'X') && (CATcmd[2] == ';'))
Command_RX();

else if ((CATcmd[0] == 'T') && (CATcmd[1] == 'X') && (CATcmd[2] == ';'))
Command_TX();

else if ((CATcmd[0] == 'T') && (CATcmd[1] == 'X') && (CATcmd[2] == '1'))
Command_TX1();

else if ((CATcmd[0] == 'R') && (CATcmd[1] == 'S') && (CATcmd[2] == ';'))
Command_RS();

Serial.flush(); // Get ready for next command
//delay(50); // Needed to eliminate WSJT-X connection errors
}
}

void Command_ID()
{
Serial.print("ID020;");
mySerial.print("ID020;");
}

void Command_PS()
{
Serial.print("PS1;");
mySerial.print("PS1;");
}

void Command_PS1()
{
Serial.print("PS1;");
mySerial.print("PS1;");
}

void Command_GETFreqA()
{
Serial.print("FA");
Serial.print(freq10GHz);
Serial.print(freq1GHz);
Serial.print(freq100MHz);
Serial.print(freq10MHz);
Serial.print(freq1MHz);
Serial.print(freq100kHz);
Serial.print(freq10kHz);
Serial.print(freq1kHz);
Serial.print(freq100Hz);
Serial.print(freq10Hz);
Serial.print(freq1Hz);
Serial.print(";");

mySerial.print("FA");
mySerial.print(freq10GHz);
mySerial.print(freq1GHz);
mySerial.print(freq100MHz);
mySerial.print(freq10MHz);
mySerial.print(freq1MHz);
mySerial.print(freq100kHz);
mySerial.print(freq10kHz);
mySerial.print(freq1kHz);
mySerial.print(freq100Hz);
mySerial.print(freq10Hz);
mySerial.print(freq1Hz);
mySerial.print(";");
}

void Command_SETFreqA()
{
freq10GHz = CATcmd[2] - 48; // convert ASCII char to int equivalent. int 0 = ASCII 48;
freq1GHz = CATcmd[3] - 48;
freq100MHz = CATcmd[4] - 48;
freq10MHz = CATcmd[5] - 48;
freq1MHz = CATcmd[6] - 48;
freq100kHz = CATcmd[7] - 48;
freq10kHz = CATcmd[8] - 48;
freq1kHz = CATcmd[9] - 48;
freq100Hz = CATcmd[10] - 48;
freq10Hz = CATcmd[11] - 48;
freq1Hz = CATcmd[12] - 48;

//Command_GETFreqA(); // now RSP with FA

Serial.print("FA");
Serial.print(freq10GHz);
Serial.print(freq1GHz);
Serial.print(freq100MHz);
Serial.print(freq10MHz);
Serial.print(freq1MHz);
Serial.print(freq100kHz);
Serial.print(freq10kHz);
Serial.print(freq1kHz);
Serial.print(freq100Hz);
Serial.print(freq10Hz);
Serial.print(freq1Hz);
Serial.print(";");

mySerial.print("FA");
mySerial.print(freq10GHz);
mySerial.print(freq1GHz);
mySerial.print(freq100MHz);
mySerial.print(freq10MHz);
mySerial.print(freq1MHz);
mySerial.print(freq100kHz);
mySerial.print(freq10kHz);
mySerial.print(freq1kHz);
mySerial.print(freq100Hz);
mySerial.print(freq10Hz);
mySerial.print(freq1Hz);
mySerial.print(";");

CalcFreq();
}

void CalcFreq()
{
freq = (
(10000000000L * freq10GHz) +
(1000000000L * freq1GHz) +
(100000000L * freq100MHz) +
(10000000L * freq10MHz) +
(1000000L * freq1MHz) +
(100000L * freq100kHz) +
(10000L * freq10kHz) +
(1000L * freq1kHz) +
(100L * freq100Hz) +
(10L * freq10Hz) +
freq1Hz);

// Debug print
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print(freq10GHz);
lcd.print(freq1GHz);
lcd.print(freq100MHz);
lcd.print(freq10MHz);
lcd.print(freq1MHz);
lcd.print(freq100kHz);
lcd.print(freq10kHz);
lcd.print(freq1kHz);
lcd.print(freq100Hz);
lcd.print(freq10Hz);
lcd.print(freq1Hz);

lcd.setCursor(0, 0); // Col, Row
lcd.print(" ");
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print(freq);
}

void Command_IF()
{
Serial.print("IF");
Serial.print(freq10GHz); // P1
Serial.print(freq1GHz);
Serial.print(freq100MHz);
Serial.print(freq10MHz);
Serial.print(freq1MHz);
Serial.print(freq100kHz);
Serial.print(freq10kHz);
Serial.print(freq1kHz);
Serial.print(freq100Hz);
Serial.print(freq10Hz);
Serial.print(freq1Hz);
Serial.print("00000"); // P2 Always five 0s
Serial.print("+0000"); // P3 RIT/XIT freq +/-9990
Serial.print(RIT); // P4
Serial.print(XIT); // P5
Serial.print("0"); // P6 Always 0
Serial.print(MEM1); // P7
Serial.print(MEM2);
Serial.print(RX); // P8
Serial.print(MODE); // P9
Serial.print(VFO); // P10 FR/FT 0=VFO
Serial.print(SCAN); // P11
Serial.print(SIMPLEX); // P12
Serial.print(CTCSS); // P13
Serial.print(TONE1); // P14
Serial.print(TONE2);
Serial.print("0"); // P15 Always 0
Serial.print(";");

mySerial.print("IF");
mySerial.print(freq10GHz); // P1
mySerial.print(freq1GHz);
mySerial.print(freq100MHz);
mySerial.print(freq10MHz);
mySerial.print(freq1MHz);
mySerial.print(freq100kHz);
mySerial.print(freq10kHz);
mySerial.print(freq1kHz);
mySerial.print(freq100Hz);
mySerial.print(freq10Hz);
mySerial.print(freq1Hz);
mySerial.print("00000"); // P2 Always five 0s
mySerial.print("+0000"); // P3 RIT/XIT freq +/-9990
mySerial.print(RIT); // P4
mySerial.print(XIT); // P5
mySerial.print("0"); // P6 Always 0
mySerial.print(MEM1); // P7
mySerial.print(MEM2);
mySerial.print(RX); // P8
mySerial.print(MODE); // P9
mySerial.print(VFO); // P10 FR/FT 0=VFO
mySerial.print(SCAN); // P11
mySerial.print(SIMPLEX); // P12
mySerial.print(CTCSS); // P13
mySerial.print(TONE1); // P14
mySerial.print(TONE2);
mySerial.print("0"); // P15 Always 0
mySerial.print(";");
}

void Command_AI()
{
Serial.print("AI0;");
mySerial.print("AI0;");
}

void Command_MD()
{
Serial.print("MD2;");
mySerial.print("MD2;");
}

void Command_AI0()
{
Serial.print("AI0;");
mySerial.print("AI0;");
}

void Command_RX()
{
RX = 0;
TX = 0;
Serial.print("RX0;");
mySerial.print("RX0;");
}

void Command_TX()
{
RX = 1;
TX = 1;
Serial.print("TX0;");
mySerial.print("TX0;");
}

void Command_TX1()
{
RX = 1;
TX = 1;
Serial.print("TX2;");
mySerial.print("TX2;");
}

void Command_RS()
{
Serial.print("RS0;");
mySerial.print("RS0;");
}

***********************************************************
Additional code to enable audio and serial data across the single USB connection. This is test code only at this stage.

#include <Wire.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
#include <Audio.h> // Teensy audio library

int debug = 0;

const int numChars = 14;
volatile long freq = 0;
boolean newCATcmd = false;

char CATcmd[numChars] = {'0'}; // an array to store the received CAT data
int freq10GHz = 0;
int freq1GHz = 0;
int freq100MHz = 0;
int freq10MHz = 1;
int freq1MHz = 4;
int freq100kHz = 1;
int freq10kHz = 2;
int freq1kHz = 3;
int freq100Hz = 4;
int freq10Hz = 5;
int freq1Hz = 6;
int RIT, XIT, MEM1, MEM2, RX, TX, VFO, SCAN, SIMPLEX, CTCSS, TONE1, TONE2 = 0;
int MODE = 2;

SoftwareSerial mySerial(31, 32); // RX, TX
AudioControlSGTL5000 audioShield;

// Audio objects
AudioInputUSB audioInputUSB;
AudioSynthWaveformSine TestOsc;
AudioOutputUSB audioOutputUSB;
AudioOutputI2S audioOutputHeadphones;

// Audio connections
AudioConnection patchCord5(TestOsc, 0, audioOutputUSB, 0);
AudioConnection patchCord10(TestOsc, 0, audioOutputUSB, 1);
AudioConnection patchCord15(audioInputUSB, 0, audioOutputHeadphones, 0);
AudioConnection patchCord20(audioInputUSB, 1, audioOutputHeadphones, 1);

void setup()
{
CalcFreq();

Serial.begin(9600);
mySerial.begin(9600);

// Setup the audio shield
AudioNoInterrupts();
AudioMemory(12);
audioShield.enable();
TestOsc.amplitude(0.1);
TestOsc.frequency(700);
audioShield.unmuteHeadphone(); // Output to the audio amplifier
audioShield.volume(0.8);
AudioInterrupts();
}

void loop()
{
rxCATcmd();
analyseCATcmd();
}

void rxCATcmd()
{
int index = 0;
char endMarker = ';';
char data; // CAT commands are ASCII characters

while ((Serial.available() > 0) && (newCATcmd == false))
{
data = Serial.read();

if (data != endMarker)
{
CATcmd[index] = data;
index++;

if (index >= numChars)
index = numChars - 1; // leave space for the \0 array termination
}
else
{
CATcmd[index] = ';'; // Indicate end of command
debug = index; // Needed later to print out the command
CATcmd[index + 1] = '\0'; // terminate the array
index = 0; // reset for next CAT command
newCATcmd = true;
}
}
}

void analyseCATcmd()
{
if (newCATcmd == true)
{
newCATcmd = false; // reset for next CAT time

// Debug printing
mySerial.println();
for (int x = 0; x <= debug; x++)
mySerial.print(CATcmd[x]);
mySerial.print("\t");

if ((CATcmd[0] == 'F') && (CATcmd[1] == 'A') && (CATcmd[2] == ';')) // must be freq get command
Command_GETFreqA();

else if ((CATcmd[0] == 'F') && (CATcmd[1] == 'A') && (CATcmd[13] == ';')) // must be freq set command
Command_SETFreqA();

else if ((CATcmd[0] == 'I') && (CATcmd[1] == 'F') && (CATcmd[2] == ';'))
Command_IF();

else if ((CATcmd[0] == 'I') && (CATcmd[1] == 'D') && (CATcmd[2] == ';'))
Command_ID();

else if ((CATcmd[0] == 'P') && (CATcmd[1] == 'S') && (CATcmd[2] == ';'))
Command_PS();

else if ((CATcmd[0] == 'P') && (CATcmd[1] == 'S') && (CATcmd[2] == '1'))
Command_PS1();

else if ((CATcmd[0] == 'A') && (CATcmd[1] == 'I') && (CATcmd[2] == ';'))
Command_AI();

else if ((CATcmd[0] == 'A') && (CATcmd[1] == 'I') && (CATcmd[2] == '0'))
Command_AI0();

else if ((CATcmd[0] == 'M') && (CATcmd[1] == 'D') && (CATcmd[2] == ';'))
Command_MD();

else if ((CATcmd[0] == 'R') && (CATcmd[1] == 'X') && (CATcmd[2] == ';'))
Command_RX();

else if ((CATcmd[0] == 'T') && (CATcmd[1] == 'X') && (CATcmd[2] == ';'))
Command_TX();

else if ((CATcmd[0] == 'T') && (CATcmd[1] == 'X') && (CATcmd[2] == '1'))
Command_TX1();

else if ((CATcmd[0] == 'R') && (CATcmd[1] == 'S') && (CATcmd[2] == ';'))
Command_RS();

Serial.flush(); // Get ready for next command
//delay(50); // Needed to eliminate WSJT-X connection errors
}
}

void Command_ID()
{
Serial.print("ID020;");
mySerial.print("ID020;");
}

void Command_PS()
{
Serial.print("PS1;");
mySerial.print("PS1;");
}

void Command_PS1()
{
Serial.print("PS1;");
mySerial.print("PS1;");
}

void Command_GETFreqA()
{
Serial.print("FA");
Serial.print(freq10GHz);
Serial.print(freq1GHz);
Serial.print(freq100MHz);
Serial.print(freq10MHz);
Serial.print(freq1MHz);
Serial.print(freq100kHz);
Serial.print(freq10kHz);
Serial.print(freq1kHz);
Serial.print(freq100Hz);
Serial.print(freq10Hz);
Serial.print(freq1Hz);
Serial.print(";");

mySerial.print("FA");
mySerial.print(freq10GHz);
mySerial.print(freq1GHz);
mySerial.print(freq100MHz);
mySerial.print(freq10MHz);
mySerial.print(freq1MHz);
mySerial.print(freq100kHz);
mySerial.print(freq10kHz);
mySerial.print(freq1kHz);
mySerial.print(freq100Hz);
mySerial.print(freq10Hz);
mySerial.print(freq1Hz);
mySerial.print(";");
}

void Command_SETFreqA()
{
freq10GHz = CATcmd[2] - 48; // convert ASCII char to int equivalent. int 0 = ASCII 48;
freq1GHz = CATcmd[3] - 48;
freq100MHz = CATcmd[4] - 48;
freq10MHz = CATcmd[5] - 48;
freq1MHz = CATcmd[6] - 48;
freq100kHz = CATcmd[7] - 48;
freq10kHz = CATcmd[8] - 48;
freq1kHz = CATcmd[9] - 48;
freq100Hz = CATcmd[10] - 48;
freq10Hz = CATcmd[11] - 48;
freq1Hz = CATcmd[12] - 48;

//Command_GETFreqA(); // now RSP with FA

Serial.print("FA");
Serial.print(freq10GHz);
Serial.print(freq1GHz);
Serial.print(freq100MHz);
Serial.print(freq10MHz);
Serial.print(freq1MHz);
Serial.print(freq100kHz);
Serial.print(freq10kHz);
Serial.print(freq1kHz);
Serial.print(freq100Hz);
Serial.print(freq10Hz);
Serial.print(freq1Hz);
Serial.print(";");

mySerial.print("FA");
mySerial.print(freq10GHz);
mySerial.print(freq1GHz);
mySerial.print(freq100MHz);
mySerial.print(freq10MHz);
mySerial.print(freq1MHz);
mySerial.print(freq100kHz);
mySerial.print(freq10kHz);
mySerial.print(freq1kHz);
mySerial.print(freq100Hz);
mySerial.print(freq10Hz);
mySerial.print(freq1Hz);
mySerial.print(";");

CalcFreq();
}

void CalcFreq()
{
freq = (
(10000000000L * freq10GHz) +
(1000000000L * freq1GHz) +
(100000000L * freq100MHz) +
(10000000L * freq10MHz) +
(1000000L * freq1MHz) +
(100000L * freq100kHz) +
(10000L * freq10kHz) +
(1000L * freq1kHz) +
(100L * freq100Hz) +
(10L * freq10Hz) +
freq1Hz);
}

void Command_IF()
{
Serial.print("IF");
Serial.print(freq10GHz); // P1
Serial.print(freq1GHz);
Serial.print(freq100MHz);
Serial.print(freq10MHz);
Serial.print(freq1MHz);
Serial.print(freq100kHz);
Serial.print(freq10kHz);
Serial.print(freq1kHz);
Serial.print(freq100Hz);
Serial.print(freq10Hz);
Serial.print(freq1Hz);
Serial.print("00000"); // P2 Always five 0s
Serial.print("+0000"); // P3 RIT/XIT freq +/-9990
Serial.print(RIT); // P4
Serial.print(XIT); // P5
Serial.print("0"); // P6 Always 0
Serial.print(MEM1); // P7
Serial.print(MEM2);
Serial.print(RX); // P8
Serial.print(MODE); // P9
Serial.print(VFO); // P10 FR/FT 0=VFO
Serial.print(SCAN); // P11
Serial.print(SIMPLEX); // P12
Serial.print(CTCSS); // P13
Serial.print(TONE1); // P14
Serial.print(TONE2);
Serial.print("0"); // P15 Always 0
Serial.print(";");

mySerial.print("IF");
mySerial.print(freq10GHz); // P1
mySerial.print(freq1GHz);
mySerial.print(freq100MHz);
mySerial.print(freq10MHz);
mySerial.print(freq1MHz);
mySerial.print(freq100kHz);
mySerial.print(freq10kHz);
mySerial.print(freq1kHz);
mySerial.print(freq100Hz);
mySerial.print(freq10Hz);
mySerial.print(freq1Hz);
mySerial.print("00000"); // P2 Always five 0s
mySerial.print("+0000"); // P3 RIT/XIT freq +/-9990
mySerial.print(RIT); // P4
mySerial.print(XIT); // P5
mySerial.print("0"); // P6 Always 0
mySerial.print(MEM1); // P7
mySerial.print(MEM2);
mySerial.print(RX); // P8
mySerial.print(MODE); // P9
mySerial.print(VFO); // P10 FR/FT 0=VFO
mySerial.print(SCAN); // P11
mySerial.print(SIMPLEX); // P12
mySerial.print(CTCSS); // P13
mySerial.print(TONE1); // P14
mySerial.print(TONE2);
mySerial.print("0"); // P15 Always 0
mySerial.print(";");
}

void Command_AI()
{
Serial.print("AI0;");
mySerial.print("AI0;");
}

void Command_MD()
{
Serial.print("MD2;");
mySerial.print("MD2;");
}

void Command_AI0()
{
Serial.print("AI0;");
mySerial.print("AI0;");
}

void Command_RX()
{
RX = 0;
TX = 0;
Serial.print("RX0;");
mySerial.print("RX0;");
}

void Command_TX()
{
RX = 1;
TX = 1;
Serial.print("TX0;");
mySerial.print("TX0;");
}

void Command_TX1()
{
RX = 1;
TX = 1;
Serial.print("TX2;");
mySerial.print("TX2;");
}

void Command_RS()
{
Serial.print("RS0;");
mySerial.print("RS0;");
}

*************************************************************************

RF Splitter/Combiner

Sunday, 3 May 2020

Shortwave Receiver

VFO

BPF, RF Amplifier, IF Amplifier, AM Envelope Detector

Final detector was a infinite impedance (J310).

Note: there is another 10nF cap across the 47uF decoupling cap (not shown).

Saturday, 21 March 2020

Homebrew CW Rig

Please see the YouTube videos for an explanation on the code and circuits:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCSNPW3_gzuMJcX_ErBZTv2g/

Crystal Filter

IF Amps

Antenna Amp, 700Hz LPF

Initial Class E RF Amplifier Experiment (see YouTube video for explanation)

Final Class E Amplifier

Code

#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
#include <si5351.h>

const long band80mStart = 3500000; // start of 80m
const long band80mEnd = 3900000; // end of 80m
volatile uint32_t FilterCentreFreq = 8996500;
volatile uint32_t BFO = 8997243; // Filter centre freq plus offset to get 700Hz AF out.

volatile long freq = 3525000; // this is a variable (changes) - set it to the beginning of the band
volatile long radix = 100; // how much to change the frequency by, clicking the rotary encoder will change this.
volatile long oldfreq = 0;
volatile long currentfreq = 0;
volatile int updatedisplay = 0;
volatile int band = 0; // 0=80m, 1=40m
volatile int oldband = 0;

// Rotary encoder pins and other inputs
static const int rotAPin = 2;
static const int rotBPin = 3;
static const int pushPin = 4;

// Rotary encoder variables, used by interrupt routines
volatile int rotState = 0;
volatile int rotAval = 1;
volatile int rotBval = 1;

// Instantiate the Objects
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);
Si5351 si5351;

// 700Hz Osc
static const int Osc = 11;
static const int TuneSw = 9;

// Morse Key
static const int Key = 8;
unsigned long BreakInTimer;
unsigned long BreakInDelay = 1000; //1000mS - 1.0Sec

// Relays
static const int AntRelay = 7;
static const int PowerRelay = 6;

void setup()
{
// Set up I/O Pins
pinMode(rotAPin, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(rotBPin, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(pushPin, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(TuneSw, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(Key, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(AntRelay, OUTPUT);
pinMode(PowerRelay, OUTPUT);
pinMode(Osc, OUTPUT);

digitalWrite(AntRelay, HIGH); // Default to Rx
digitalWrite(PowerRelay, HIGH); // Default to Rx

// Set up interrupt pins
attachInterrupt(digitalPinToInterrupt(rotAPin), ISRrotAChange, CHANGE);
attachInterrupt(digitalPinToInterrupt(rotBPin), ISRrotBChange, CHANGE);

// Initialize the display
lcd.begin();
lcd.backlight();
lcd.cursor();

// Initialize the DDS
si5351.init(SI5351_CRYSTAL_LOAD_8PF, 0, 0);
si5351.set_correction(-400, SI5351_PLL_INPUT_XO); // Set to specific Si5351 calibration number
si5351.set_pll(SI5351_PLL_FIXED, SI5351_PLLA);
si5351.drive_strength(SI5351_CLK0, SI5351_DRIVE_8MA);
si5351.drive_strength(SI5351_CLK1, SI5351_DRIVE_8MA);
si5351.drive_strength(SI5351_CLK2, SI5351_DRIVE_8MA);
si5351.output_enable(SI5351_CLK1, 0); // Turn off CW carrier

// Update display and send start frequency
UpdateDisplay();
SendFrequency();
}

void loop()
{
if (digitalRead(Key) == LOW) // Check to see if CW key down
{
BreakInTimer = millis(); // Reset the break in timer
digitalWrite(AntRelay, LOW); // Swap over the antenna to Tx
digitalWrite(PowerRelay, LOW); // Rx 12VDC = 0, Tx 12VDC = 12
delay(25); // Allow time for relays to swap over (Spec sheet 10mS)
si5351.output_enable(SI5351_CLK1, 1); // Get ready to transmit CW carrier
SendFrequency(); // Send CW carrier
}
else // Key up
{
si5351.output_enable(SI5351_CLK1, 0); // Turn off the CW carrier
}

if ((millis() - BreakInTimer) >= BreakInDelay) // Check break in timer
{
digitalWrite(AntRelay, HIGH); // Swap over the antenna to Rx
digitalWrite(PowerRelay, HIGH); // Rx 12VDC = 12, Tx 12VDC = 0
}

if (digitalRead(TuneSw) == LOW) // Check tune switch
tone(Osc, 700); // Turn on the 700Hz tome
else
noTone(Osc); // Turn off the 700Hz tome

currentfreq = getfreq(); // Interrupt safe method to get the current frequency

if (currentfreq != oldfreq)
{
UpdateDisplay();
SendFrequency();
oldfreq = currentfreq;
}

if (!digitalRead(pushPin)) {
delay(10);
while (!digitalRead(pushPin))
{
if (updatedisplay == 1)
{
UpdateDisplay();
updatedisplay = 0;
}
}
delay(50);
}
}

long getfreq()
{
long temp_freq;
cli();
temp_freq = freq;
sei();
return temp_freq;
}

// Interrupt routines
void ISRrotAChange()
{
if (digitalRead(rotAPin))
{
rotAval = 1;
UpdateRot();
}
else
{
rotAval = 0;
UpdateRot();
}
}

void ISRrotBChange()
{
if (digitalRead(rotBPin))
{
rotBval = 1;
UpdateRot();
}
else
{
rotBval = 0;
UpdateRot();
}
}

void UpdateRot()
{
switch (rotState)
{

case 0: // Idle state, look for direction
if (!rotBval)
rotState = 1; // CW 1
if (!rotAval)
rotState = 11; // CCW 1
break;

case 1: // CW, wait for A low while B is low
if (!rotBval)
{
if (!rotAval)
{
// either increment radixindex or freq
if (digitalRead(pushPin) == LOW)
{
updatedisplay = 1;
if (radix == 1000000)
radix = 100000;
else if (radix == 100000)
radix = 10000;
else if (radix == 10000)
radix = 1000;
else if (radix == 1000)
radix = 100;
else if (radix == 100)
radix = 10;
else if (radix == 10)
radix = 1;
else
radix = 1000000;
} else
{
freq = (freq + radix);
if (freq > 3900000)
freq = 3900000;
}
rotState = 2; // CW 2
}
} else
{
if (rotAval)
rotState = 0; // It was just a glitch on B, go back to start
}
break;

case 2: // CW, wait for B high
if (rotBval)
rotState = 3; // CW 3
break;

case 3: // CW, wait for A high
if (rotAval)
rotState = 0; // back to idle (detent) state
break;

case 11: // CCW, wait for B low while A is low
if (!rotAval)
{
if (!rotBval)
{
// either decrement radixindex or freq
if (digitalRead(pushPin) == LOW)
{
updatedisplay = 1;
if (radix == 1)
radix = 10;
else if (radix == 10)
radix = 100;
else if (radix == 100)
radix = 1000;
else if (radix == 1000)
radix = 10000;
else if (radix == 10000)
radix = 100000;
else if (radix == 100000)
radix = 1000000;
else
radix = 1;
} else
{
freq = (freq - radix);
if (freq < 3500000)
freq = 3500000;
}
rotState = 12; // CCW 2
}
} else
{
if (rotBval)
rotState = 0; // It was just a glitch on A, go back to start
}
break;

case 12: // CCW, wait for A high
if (rotAval)
rotState = 13; // CCW 3
break;

case 13: // CCW, wait for B high
if (rotBval)
rotState = 0; // back to idle (detent) state
break;
}
}

void UpdateDisplay()
{
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print(" ");
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print(freq);
lcd.setCursor(10, 0);
lcd.print("ZL2CTM");

if (radix == 1)
lcd.setCursor(6, 0);
if (radix == 10)
lcd.setCursor(5, 0);
if (radix == 100)
lcd.setCursor(4, 0);
if (radix == 1000)
lcd.setCursor(3, 0);
if (radix == 10000)
lcd.setCursor(2, 0);
if (radix == 100000)
lcd.setCursor(1, 0);
if (radix == 1000000)
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
}

void SendFrequency()
{
// VFO
si5351.set_freq(((freq + FilterCentreFreq) * 100ULL), SI5351_CLK0);

// BFO
si5351.set_freq((BFO * 100ULL), SI5351_CLK2);

// Transmit CW carrier
si5351.set_freq(((freq - 43) * 100ULL), SI5351_CLK1); // 43Hz to align Tx and Rx
}

Saturday, 15 February 2020

Homebrew DSB-SC Rig

AF Amps Ideas

The AF amp now has a pi filter on the input made up of 100nF - 1mH - 100nF

That removes the high freq noise.

Ant RF Amp

Mic Amp

Test Low Power RF Amplifier

Out of the junk box hence the 13.8VDC VCC.

Initial code for the radio. Please see the YouTube video for an explanation:

#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>

#include <si5351.h>

const long band80mStart = 3500000; // start of 80m

const long band80mEnd = 3900000; // end of 80m

const long band40mStart = 7000000; // start of 40m

const long band40mEnd = 7300000; // end of 40m

volatile long freq = 3700000; // this is a variable (changes) - set it to the beginning of the band

volatile long radix = 1000; // how much to change the frequency by, clicking the rotary encoder will change this.

volatile long oldfreq = 0;

volatile long old80mfreq = 3700000;

volatile long old40mfreq = 7100000;

volatile long currentfreq = 0;

volatile int updatedisplay = 0;

volatile int band = 0; // 0=80m, 1=40m

volatile int oldband = 0;

// Rotary encoder pins and other inputs

static const int rotAPin = 2;

static const int rotBPin = 3;

static const int pushSwPin = 4;

// Band switch

static const int BandSwPin = 5;

// Rotary encoder variables, used by interrupt routines

volatile int rotState = 0;

volatile int rotAval = 1;

volatile int rotBval = 1;

// Instantiate the Objects

LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);

Si5351 si5351;

void setup()

{

// Set up frequency and radix switches

pinMode(rotAPin, INPUT_PULLUP);

pinMode(rotBPin, INPUT_PULLUP);

pinMode(pushSwPin, INPUT_PULLUP);

pinMode(BandSwPin, INPUT_PULLUP);

// Set up interrupt pins

attachInterrupt(digitalPinToInterrupt(rotAPin), ISRrotAChange, CHANGE);

attachInterrupt(digitalPinToInterrupt(rotBPin), ISRrotBChange, CHANGE);

// Initialize the display

lcd.begin();

lcd.backlight();

lcd.cursor();

// Initialize the Si5351

si5351.init(SI5351_CRYSTAL_LOAD_8PF, 0, 0);

si5351.set_correction(191, SI5351_PLL_INPUT_XO);

si5351.set_pll(SI5351_PLL_FIXED, SI5351_PLLA);

si5351.drive_strength(SI5351_CLK0, SI5351_DRIVE_8MA);

// Update display and send start frequency

UpdateDisplay();

SendFrequency();

}

void loop()

{

// Check to see if the freq has changed

currentfreq = getfreq(); // Interrupt safe method to get the current frequency

if (currentfreq != oldfreq)

{

UpdateDisplay();

SendFrequency();

oldfreq = currentfreq;

}

// Check the rotary encoder (radix) swith

if (digitalRead(pushSwPin) == LOW) // Read the rotary encoder switch

{

delay(10);

while (digitalRead(pushSwPin) == LOW)

{

if (updatedisplay == 1)

{

UpdateDisplay();

updatedisplay = 0;

}

delay(50);

}

// Check the band swith

if (digitalRead(BandSwPin) == LOW)

band = 1; // 1=40m

else

band = 0; // 0=80m

if (band != oldband) // Only update the display on band change

{

if (band == 0) // Now 80m was 40m

{

old40mfreq = freq; // Store old 40m freq

freq = old80mfreq; // Recall old 40m freq

}

if (band == 1) // Now 40m was 80m

{

old80mfreq = freq; // Store old 80m freq

freq = old40mfreq; // Recall old 40m freq

}

UpdateDisplay();

oldband = band;

}

long getfreq()

{

long temp_freq;

cli();

temp_freq = freq;

sei();

return temp_freq;

}

// Interrupt routines

void ISRrotAChange()

{

if (digitalRead(rotAPin))

{

rotAval = 1;

UpdateRot();

}

else

{

rotAval = 0;

UpdateRot();

}

void ISRrotBChange()

{

if (digitalRead(rotBPin))

{

rotBval = 1;

UpdateRot();

}

else

{

rotBval = 0;

UpdateRot();

}

// Determine which way the rotary encoder is rotating and action as required

void UpdateRot()

{

switch (rotState)

{

case 0: // Idle state, look for direction

if (!rotBval)

rotState = 1; // CW 1

if (!rotAval)

rotState = 11; // CCW 1

break;

case 1: // CW, wait for A low while B is low

if (!rotBval)

{

if (!rotAval)

{

// either increment the radix or freq

if (digitalRead(pushSwPin) == LOW)

{

updatedisplay = 1;

if (radix == 1000000)

radix = 100000;

else if (radix == 100000)

radix = 10000;

else if (radix == 10000)

radix = 1000;

else if (radix == 1000)

radix = 100;

else if (radix == 100)

radix = 10;

else if (radix == 10)

radix = 1;

else

radix = 1000000;

}

else

{

freq = (freq + radix);

if (band == 0) // 80m

if (freq > band80mEnd)

freq = band80mEnd;

if (band == 1) // 40m

if (freq > band40mEnd)

freq = band40mEnd;

}

rotState = 2; // CW 2

}

else if (rotAval)

rotState = 0; // It was just a glitch on B, go back to start

break;

case 2: // CW, wait for B high

if (rotBval)

rotState = 3; // CW 3

break;

case 3: // CW, wait for A high

if (rotAval)

rotState = 0; // back to idle (detent) state

break;

case 11: // CCW, wait for B low while A is low

if (!rotAval)

{

if (!rotBval)

{

// either decrement the radix or freq

if (digitalRead(pushSwPin) == LOW)

{

updatedisplay = 1;

if (radix == 1)

radix = 10;

else if (radix == 10)

radix = 100;

else if (radix == 100)

radix = 1000;

else if (radix == 1000)

radix = 10000;

else if (radix == 10000)

radix = 100000;

else if (radix == 100000)

radix = 1000000;

else

radix = 1;

}

else

{

freq = (freq - radix);

if (band == 0) // 80m

if (freq < band80mStart)

freq = band80mStart;

if (band == 1) // 40m

if (freq < band40mStart)

freq = band40mStart;

}

rotState = 12; // CCW 2

}

else if (rotBval)

rotState = 0; // It was just a glitch on A, go back to start

break;

case 12: // CCW, wait for A high

if (rotAval)

rotState = 13; // CCW 3

break;

case 13: // CCW, wait for B high

if (rotBval)

rotState = 0; // back to idle (detent) state

break;

}

void UpdateDisplay()

{

lcd.setCursor(0, 0);

lcd.print(" ");

lcd.setCursor(0, 0);

lcd.print(freq);

lcd.setCursor(10, 0);

lcd.print("ZL2CTM");

if (radix == 1)

lcd.setCursor(6, 0);

if (radix == 10)

lcd.setCursor(5, 0);

if (radix == 100)

lcd.setCursor(4, 0);

if (radix == 1000)

lcd.setCursor(3, 0);

if (radix == 10000)

lcd.setCursor(2, 0);

if (radix == 100000)

lcd.setCursor(1, 0);

if (radix == 1000000)

lcd.setCursor(0, 0);

}

void SendFrequency()

{

si5351.set_freq((freq * 100ULL), SI5351_CLK0);

}

Monday, 11 January 2021

80m, 40m, 30m, 20m EFHW Antenna Antenna Tuner

Friday, 13 November 2020

Go QRP Portable SSB Rig

Thursday, 25 June 2020

Digital Modes Transceiver

Sunday, 3 May 2020

Shortwave Receiver

Saturday, 21 March 2020

Homebrew CW Rig

Saturday, 15 February 2020

Homebrew DSB-SC Rig